1.
The pleural cavity is part of which cavity?
- dorsal
- thoracic
- abdominal
- pericardial
2.
A plane that divides an animal into dorsal and ventral portions is the ____ plane.
- sagittal
- midsagittal
- frontal
- transverse
3.
What is the term for a hard covering or shell that provides protection and muscle attachment?
- apodeme
- fusiform
- exoskeleton
- endotherm
4.
Which organism has a fusiform shape?
- elephant
- dolphin
- spider
- human
5.
Which type of animal maintains a constant internal body temperature?
- endotherm
- ectotherm
- poikilotherm
- fusiform
6.
Smaller endothermic animals have _______ surface area for their mass compared with larger endothermic animals.
- equal
- greater
- less
- no
7.
What is the term for epithelial cells that are composed of multiple layers?
- simple
- stratified
- squamous
- transitional
8.
Which type of epithelial cell is best adapted to aid diffusion?
- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
- transitional
9.
Why do osteoclasts need to break down bone?
- to deposit bone material into the bone matrix
- to facilitate osteoclast persistence without using excess energy
- to provide access to calcium in the tissue
- to facilitate compact bone structure
10.
Plasma is the ____.
- fibers in the blood
- matrix of the blood
- cell that phagocytizes bacteria
- cell that functions in response to antigens
11.
Why is it necessary for most muscle cells to be under voluntary control?
- to facilitate response to local conditions of tissues
- to facilitate movement of bone
- to speed up or slow down the autonomic nervous system
- to facilitate movement of internal organs
12.
Cardiac muscle contains specialized regions along the plasma membrane called intercalated discs. What is the role of intercalated discs?
- efficiently pass electrical impulses between cardiac cells
- facilitate immune response to foreign antigens
- cushion body organs from damage
- keeps blood vessels in place
13.
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the ____.
- axon
- dendrite
- cell body
- oligodendrocyte
14.
Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes manufacture a lipid called myelin. Which statement best describes the function of this lipid?
- regulates the chemical environment
- sends input
- receives input
- improves signal transfer efficiency
15.
Animals maintain an overall steady state of internal conditions by ___.
- ectothermy
- homeostasis
- basal metabolic rate
- standard metabolic rate
16.
To what does the term “equilibrium” refer in the context of organismal homeostasis?
- control mechanisms that amplify a response
- control mechanisms that increase or decrease a stimulus
- the target point in homeostasis
- body functions are maintained within a given range
17.
What type of feedback loop pushes an organism’s physiology further away from it normal setpoints?
- positive feedback loop
- negative feedback loop
- set point
- receptor
18.
When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will ____.
- experience a substantial drop in its body temperature
- find a warm rock on which to bask
- increase muscle activity to generate heat
- increase fur or fat to increase insulation
19.
Homeostasis is primarily controlled by _______ feedback loops.
- positive
- negative
- acclimatization
- receptor
20.
Which is an example of negative feedback?
- lowering of blood glucose after a meal
- blood clotting after an injury
- lactation during nursing
- uterine contractions during labor
21.
Which method of heat exchange occurs during direct contact between the source and the animal?
- radiation
- evaporation
- convection
- conduction
22.
Which of the following is a strategy that may be employed by an ectotherm to immediately increase body temperature?
- Consume more food to increase fat as insulation.
- Increase amount of vasodilation.
- Increase amount of muscle contraction.
- Sit on a warm rock.